Internal-combustion engine



H. J. KLINE.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION man APR. 7, 191s.

1,860,958. PamaNov. 30,1920..

3 SHEETS-SHEET H. J. KLINE.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 7, I9Is.

1,366,958. mm1 Nov. 30,1920..

TIE- E H. J. /KLINL INTERNL COMBUSTION ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED APR. I.I9Ie.

1 ,360 ,958, Patented Nov. 30, 1920.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.'

\ r I @www Hannon J. KLINE, on nnrnoir, MICHIGAN.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Specication of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 30, 1920.

Application filed April 7, 1916. Serial No. 89,599.

To all whom t may concern.

Be it known that I, HARMON J. KLINE, a citizen of the United States,residing at Detroit, in the county of Wayne and VState of Michigan, haveinvented new and useful Improvements in Internal-Combustion Engines, ofwhich the following is a specification.

' My present invention relates to improvements in internal combustionengines, and more especially to those of the two-cycle type wherein thecharges of explosive gas or the bodies of air to be used in making upsuch charges are compressed in the crank case of the engine andsubsequently transferred to and finally compressed in the workingcylinder.

One of the primary objects of the invention is to provide an engine ofthis type which can be started easily and then run or operated onkerosene, alcohol or low-grade liquid fuels.

Another object of the invention is to provide an engine of this typewhich is capable of being operated efficiently and successfuily withoutthe necessity of employing a watercooling system aiid the accessoriesnecessary thereto, the engine being air-cooled, both externally andinternally, the internal cooling being effected in such manner as toincrease the eiliciency of the engine and to enable it to operate onlow-grade liquid fueis.

Further objects are to improve the structure of the engine generally,enabling' it to be manufactured at relatively low cost, and inparticular to provide an improved fuel supply and control and animproved construction for the pistons. f

The present application disclosessubjectmatter claimed in my priorapplication, Serial No. 750,028, filed February 2l, 1913, upon VwhichLetters Patent he. 1,178,648 were granted on April 1l, 1916.

TheV invention consists in cer ain improvements, and Combinations andarrangements of parts, all as will 'be hereinafter more fully described,the novel features being pointed out particularly in the claims at theend ofthe specification. n

VIn the accompanying drawings 'Figure l represents a transverse sectionthrough an internal combustion engine of the V-type and embodying thepresent invention.

Fig. 2 represents a section on the line 2-2 of `Fig. l.

, a belt 6 which in turn drives a fan F ig. 3 shows the intake manifoldand carbureter in top plan view, the adjacent wall of the crank case towhich the intake manifold is attached being shown in section.

Fig. 4 represents a transverse section through the intercommunicatingpassage between a pair of cylinders, this view sho-wing the carbureteror fuel supply device also in section.

F ig. 5 represents a longitudinal section through a portion of theintercommunicating passage between a pair of the cylinders, this viewshowing the carbureter or fuel supply device in section.

Similar parts are designated by the same reference characters in theseveral views.

The present invention is particularly applicable to internal combustionengines of the two-cycle type employing a plurality of cylinders.An'engine of such type is shown in the `drawings and will be hereinafterdescribed in detail. It is to be understood, however, that the inventionis not necessarily limited to the particular construction shown, asequivalent constructions within the scope of the claims are contemplatedand will be included as within the scope of the invention, and thatmodifications or changes may be made by those skilled in the art withoutdeparting from the invention.

In the embodiment of the invention shown in the present instance, theengine comprises crank shaft l having a pair of cranks 2 'and 3 set indiametrically opposite relation thereon, a fly wheel 4 being attached tothe rear end of the crank shaft and a driving pulley 5 being attached tothe forward end of the crank shaft, the .pulley 5 driving 7 which latterserves, as will hereinafter appear, to direct an air current past thecylinders of the engine to T he base 8 of the engine is formed in thepresent instance with a pair of separate crank cases 9 and l0 in whichthe cranks 2 and 3 operate and also, as shown, counterweights ll and l2are provided for the cranks 2 and 3 respectively, to counterbalance thecranks and thereby minimize vibration during the running of the engine.The crank cases 9 and 10 are non-communicating, that is to say, each ofthese crank cases is closed to form a separate compression chamber. l

According to the present invention, one or more pairs of cylinders areused, two

effect external cooling thereof.

pairs of cylinders being shown and, preterably, they are arranged toprovide an engine ot V-torm. To this end, the top. of the base 8 of theengine is suitably constructed to receive the different pairs otcylinders, 1? and M designating the pair of cylinders appearing at theright-hand side of Fig. 2, and a similar or duplicate pair ot cylindersis arranged toward the opposite side ot the base or crank case casting.For the purposes of the present invention it is preferable to arrangethe pairs of cylinders at an included angle ot o, or substantially so.The construction ot' the cylinders, pistons and related parts at oneside ol" the engine is preferably the same as that of the cylinders andpistons at the opposite side olf the engine. and hence a detaileddescription of one pair of cylinders, pistons and related parts will besufficient for both pairs of cylinders, pistons and related parts. Asshown in 2, pistons 16 and 1'? are provided in the cylinders 13 and 1l,these pistons being` suitably packed in order that they may lit properlytherein. These pistons are connected by the connecting1 rods 18 and 19to the cranks 2 and 3 respectively, the connecting rods 2() and 21 forthe pistons ol3 the opposite pair ot cylinders being also connected tothe cranks 2 and 3. rl'he pistons 1G and 17 `for each pair of cylindersare provided with barrels 22 and 23, these barrels being` attached toand reciprocate with the respective pistons and they are pre'lerablf.Yarranged with their axes in alinement with the axes oli' the respectivepistons. 'lhe heads or tops of the cylinders of each pair have openingsthrough which the barrels 22 and 23 may reciprocate, and suitablepackings 24 and 25 are provided to cooperate with the respective pistonbarrels. The cylinders are provided with exhaust ports 26 and 27 whichare located in the Walls of the respective cylinders a suitable distanceabove the upper end of the respec-` tive pistons When the latter are atthe ends of their Working strokesa these exhaust ports communicatingWith an exhaust manifold 23. As usual,'in the operation of en gines ofthis type, the exhaust ports 26 and 27 are uncovered by the upper endsot' the respective pistons as the latter approach the ends ot theirworking strokes, thereby ei:- hausting the products ot combustion fromthe corresponding cylinders. rlhe piston -barrels 22 and 23 ,areprovided with intake ports 29 and 30 which are so located in respect tothe lengths oit the respective piston barrels and their strokes thatthese inta-ke ports vvill pass Within the heads ot the spectivecvlinders and Will be uncovered. when the respective pistons approachthe ends of their Working strokes.

According to the present invention, each piston barrel is composed of atube or sleeve of steel or other relatively thin material. As shown inFig. 1, the piston barrel 23 composed of such a tube or sleeve, itslower end being flared or enlarged, as at 31, and the lower edge of theflared or enlarged portion ot the barrel is formed with an outturnedflange 32. The head ot the correw sponding piston 17 has an openingtherein which forms a shoulder 33 in which the l'lared or enlargedportion ot the barrel rests and against which the out-turned flange 32abats. A valve cage 34 is threaded or otherwise litted to or into thehead of the piston, it being shown in the present instance as threadedinto the opening in the head oli the piston and tightened so as to clampthe out-turned flange 32 ot the piston barrel between. it and theshoulder ot the piston head against which this flange abuts. The pistonbarrels -ivhen so constructed may be manufactured cheaply and they maybe easily applied and removed, The relatively thin walls ot' the pistonbarrel also promote the interchange ot heat between theburned or burninggases within the cylinder and the air or explosive charge flowingthrough the piston barrel. The valve cage carries al check-valve 35which permits air or fuel mixture compressed in the crank case to betransferred to the piston barrel and to the parts in communicationtherewith and prevents a back-tion* of such air or mixture to the crankcase. As shown, the valve seats on the upper side ot the valve cage 34and has a stem 36 which operates in the valve cage as a guide, and acompression spring 3i encircles the stem ot' the valve and abuts againstthe valve cage, this spring acting vieldingly to seat the valve or toretain it on its seat, although permitting the valve to open whenthepressure of the air or fuel mixture in the crank case reaches apredetermined amount.

According to the present invention.,` a chamber or 'fuel storagereservoir is provided tor each pair ot cylinders and it 'lorms with thepiston barrels ot those cvlin ders a space ol' relatively largeandsubstantially constant capacity or volume, as is the case 1n my priorapplication hereinbetore reterred'to. As shown1 a closed casing isllt-ted to the heads of the cylinders ot each pair, it being shown inFig. 2 as fitted to the heads of the cylinders lil and lel. This casingembodies chambers 33 and 39 which are bolted or otherwise suitablysecured with huid-tight joints to the heads of the cvlinders 13 and 1din alinement with theuaxes ot these cylinders and ot' dimensionssutilcient to accommodate the piston barrels 22 and 23 When the latterare elevated or at the limits of the in-strokes of their pistons. Acommunicating passage connects the chambers 33 and 397 thereby providingmeans orn communication betweenthe chami bers and the piston barrels 22and 23 which latter are open at their tops. In the present embodiment ofthe invention, means is connected in the communicating passage betweenthe chambers 38 and 39 for supplying fuel to the fluid asv the latterflows through this communicating passage. Preferably, and as shown, acarbureter, atomizer or vaporizer is used, and the same is of a typecapable of successfully vaporizing or atomizing kerosene, alcohol, or alow-grade of liquid fuel. To this end, the communi cating passagebetween the chambers 38 and 39 comprises portions 40 and 4l whichcontract and.form a relatively narrow neck or venturi 42 at the pointwhere they meet. Preferably, the portions 40 and 4l of the communicatingpassageway are inclined downwardly to the narrow neck or venturi.

ln order to utilize the heat from the fluid l passing' throughthiscommunicating passage to assist in vaporizing the relatively heavyliquid fuel,a liquid fuel bowl or chamber 4, is provided which isimmediately adjacent to the venturi. Preferably, and as shown, thisliquid fuel bowl or cham ber is cast as a part of the casing which formsthe communicating passage and it surrounds the venturi. The bowl orchamber for the liquid fuel is provided with a connection 44 to which apipe may be attached to supply the liquid fuel thereto, and a float 45provided, it being carried by a lever 46 which is pivoted within theliquid containing space of the bowl on the axis 47, and the levercooperates with a valve 48' which latter serves, as in a manner commonto carbureters, to maintain the liquid fuel at a given level in the fuelchainber or bowl. A, jet or nozzle is provided which receives liquidfuel from the bowl and introduces it into the venturi to be theretalrenup by the fluid passing therethrough. Asshown, a boss or nozzle 49 iscast or otherwise formed in the bottom of the venturi, it having avertical orupwardly directed bore 50, a valve seatl at the bottoni ofsaid bore, and an opening 52 which serves to admit liquid fuel fromV thebowl into the bore 50 under the control of a valve 53 wh h lattercooperates with the'seat 5l. The liquid fuel chamber of the vaporizerconununicates with the venturi not only through the opening 52. which isbelow the level of the liquid fuel therein, but also through a sleeve 54which extends upwardly from lthe venturi and provides means ofcommunication between the latter and the portion of the liquid fuel bowlor chamber above the level of the liquid fuel therein. T he liquid fuelcontaining bowl or chamber is also closed to the atmosphere, and a pumpor other equivalent means is provided for forcing the liquid fuel intothe bowl orr chamber under the control, however, of the' float valve 48.The liquid containing bowl or chamber will, therefore, be subjected tothe same pressure conditions as those existing in the venturi.

It is preferable to regulate or control the amount of liquid fuelsupplied to the venturi, according to the amount of power demanded ofthe engine. rllhe present invention provides means which will supplyliquid fuel in amounts proportionate to the pressure of the fluid in theventuri. As shown, such means comprises a. diaphragm 55 which is tightlyclamped in the top of the bowl by a ring 56, the diaphragm beingpreferably corrugated, as shown, in order to resist distortion, and thediaphragm is connected to the valve 53 which controls the supply ofliquid fuel to the nozzle or jet. For this purpose, the valve 53 has arelatively long stem which extends upwardly through the diaphragm andhas a threaded portion 57 to cooperate with a nut 58, the latter. beingsecured to the diaphragm through the agency of the sleeve 59. Turning ofthe head 57a on the valve stem will raise lower the valve relatively toits seat 5l. Also, an increase in the pressure of the fluid in theventuri will correspondingly increase the pressure beneath thediaphragm. this causing the diaphragm to move upwardly, thereby liftinghe valve 53 and "icreasing the amount of fuel passing to the nozzle. Areduction in the pressure of the fluid in the venturi willcorrespondingly cause the diaphragm to move downwardly, lowering thevalve 53 and proportionately closing or reducing the amount of fuelflowing` through the valve seat 5l to the nozzle.

Kerosene, alcohol and other relatively low-grades'of liquid fuel requireconsiderable heat for vapor-ization when used as fuel for internalcombustion engines. The present invention provides means forfacilitating the starting of the engine whereby the engine will beheated to a degree sufficient to permit its operation on the relativelylow grade fuel. Preferably. and as shown. means is Vprovided forsupplying gasolene or other easily volatile fuel for starting' purposes,and this Iolene or volatile starting fuel is preferably supplied as avapor te the air drawn into the crank of the engine. ln the constructionshown, carbureter (l0, which may be of any ordinary construction, isused, the gasol-ene supply pipe Gl. however, being provided with valveGQ for cutting` olf the supply of gasolene thereto when desired, and theair intake pipe of the carbureter is provided with a throttle or vane 64which controls the volume of fluid, whether in the form of air or aircontaining vfuel' in vapor form. to the crank This intake pipe may, asshown. be connected to an intake manifold 65, the ln'aufhes or ends ofthe latter being bolted or otherwise swrrcd to the sides of thc crankcases 9 and lrl in register with openings 66 and (S7 leading into therespective crank cases.

`lvrs are provided for permitting the admission of fluid from the intakepipe 63 into the crank casesv but preventing backflow of such fluid andthus causing compression of the fluid in the crank cases. ln the presentinstance, each end of the intake manifold G5 is provided with a slottedvalve seat G8, and a valve (i9,` preferably of flat form, is arranged toengage the inner side or face of the valve seat G55, The valve is guidedby a stem '70 which is bolted or otherwise fixed to the valve seat, anda compression spring '7l is carried and supported by the valve stem andit acts yieldingly to seat'the valve.

The inode of operation of the engine constructed as shown and hereindescribed is` briefly, as follows :--ln order to start the engine, thegasolene supply valve G2 for the carbureter GO is opened', admittinggasolene to the carbureter or vaporizer which snpplies volatile fuelvapor to the air d fawn into the crank cases. The diaphragm of thevaporizcr is also held down by a lever 55e or any other suitablcexterior means with appropriate ope 'ating connections, thereby holdingthe low grade fuel supply valve closed during starting. lly rotating thecrank shaft of the engine in the usual way, the pistons are caused toreciprocate. llt will be observed that the cranks 2 and of the crankshaft are set dianietrically opposite and that a pair of' pistons isconnected to each of these cranks. Furthermore, it is to be understoodthat each crank case is closed, except for its valve-controlled fluidadmission port and its communication with the lower ends of thecylinders corres'ionding to the pistons which are connected to the crankoperating in this crank case. Rotation of the crank shaft will,therefore, cause two ot the pistons to inove upwardly in their cylinders, thereby producing a partial vacuuin in the corresponding crankcase and causing gasolene or other volatile fuel vapor to be drawn tronithe 'arbureter 60 through the intake (S5-and into this crank ease. Thiswill continue until the other crank causes the pistons for the otherpair ot cylinders to move upwardly in their cylindersA whereupongasolene or other volatile fuel vapor vill be drawn into the other crankcase. This alternating supply of gasolene or other volatile fuel vaporto the crank cases will continue during the starting and thepreliininary running of the engine, the amount of' this startingfuelbcing regulated by adjustment of the throttle or vane 6l. 'lostarting of the engine in cold weather, priming cups 72 may be tappedinto the tops of the overhead chambers 38 andA 39, whereby gasolene orother easily volatile raconte fuel niay be introduced directly into thefuel storage chamber. After the engine has continued to run on gasoleneor other volatile fuel supplied by the carbureter G for a ieriodsuflicient to heat the engine to a de- 'rcc that will enable ittooperate on a rela- 'i :ely low-grade of fuel, the supply of gasoene orother easily volatile fuel is gradually nt off by closing the gasolenesupply valve 3Q, and simultaneously the diaphragm 55 gradually released7permitting the valve S to open, in consequence of which the relativelyheavy or low-grade of fuel is introduced into the venturi l2 from thenozzle e9.

During the operation of the engine it will bc observed that the pistons16 and 17 for each pair of cylinders reciprocate simultaneously inreverse directions, the piston barrels 22 and 23 reciprocating in unisonwith their respective pistons. During the downstroke ofV each piston,the fluid in the corresponding crank case is compressed, and when thiscompression reaches a predetermined aniount, the valve in the head oftherespective piston will be opened7 permitting such compressed fluid to betransferred from the crank case through the piston barrel 22 or 2B, asthe case may be, and thence to the fuel storage chamber or reservoirconnected to the heads of the cylinders. lllhile one piston is movingdownwardly and is effecting a transfer of the compressed fluid from thecrank case into the fuel storage chamber or reservoir, the other pistonis moving up .vardly with its valve closed, thereby preventing abackfiow of fluid from the overhead storage chamber or reservoir intothe other c Jank case. When the descending piston approaches the end ofits out or downstroke, it uncovers the exhaust ports for this cylinder,thereby discharging the waste products of combustion therefrom, and theintake ports 29 or 30, as the case Ina-y be, in the piston barrel comeinto communication with the cylinder, thereby admitting eX- plosivemixture into the cylinder which displaces any remaining products ofcombustion and fills the cylinder with fuel. rlhe succeeding in or11p-stroke of this piston,

causes the charge of explosive mixture to be compressed and thecompressed charge is fired at the proper point by a spark plug orequivalent ignition device 73. rlhis action is reversed during eac-hhalf revolution ot' the crank shaft, and in an engine of' the if-typeemploying two pairs of cylinders7 each crank case compresses fluid forthe two opposite cylinders connected thereto. By arranging the cylindersat an included angle of d50, the cylinders are brought sufficiently nearto the vertical to insure the requisite compression in the crank case.

It will be understood that, as each piston barrel approaches or VInovesdownwardly, its cooperating piston barrel nieves upwardly,

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Vso

cylinde`rs are placed at an angle within such limits, theV axes of theopposed cylinders sufliciently approach parallelism to give a highercrank case pressure than is attained Vwith a single cylinder, the actualdisplace- Vment of the crank case for each pair of cylinders being' onlyslightly increased over that of a single cylinder.

I claim as my inventonzl. n an internal combustion engine, meanscomprising a fuel storage chamber for atomizing and vaporizing fuel oilunder pressure and high temperature therein, said chamber having meansfor introducing fuel oil therein, and means for supplying air heated bythe heat of combustion in the combustion chamber of the engine and underpressure to said chamber to mix'therein with said fuel oil to formexplosive charges prior to the admission of such chargesI into thecombustion chamber of the engine.

2. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of means forsupplying a volatile fuel thereto for starting the operation thereof,means comprising a fuel storage chamber for atomizing andvaporizingheavy fuel oil under pressure `and high temperature therein,said chamber having means for supplying fuel oil thereto, and means forsupplying air heated by the heat of combustion in the combustion chamberof the engine and underpressure to said chamber to mix therein with saidfuel oil to form explosive charges prior/to the admission of suchcharges to the combustion chamber of the engine.

3. In an internal combustion engine einbodying a fuel chamber forming apassage and storage reservoir for fluid heated by the heat of combustionWithin the combustion chamber of the engine, and having means forintroducing heavy fuel oil therein, means for supplying an easilyvolatile liquid fuel to the engine to start the operation thereof, andmeans for supplying to said chamber air under pressure and heated by theheat of combustion in the combustion chamber of the engine, and foratomizing and vaporizing the heavy fuel oil under pressure and hightemperature and for mixing the same with said heated air in said chamberto .form explosive charges prior to the admission of such charges intothe Vcombustion chamber of the engine. Y

fl. ln an internal combustion engine having a crank case for compressingconstituents Vof the explosive charges, a fuel storage chamber, and apiston havingv means for conducting compressed kcharges from the crankcase ,through it to said chamber, of Vmeans for supplying air and aneasily volatile liquid fuel to the crank case to start operation of theengine, means for cutting olf the supply of such liquid fuel., and meansfor supplying a diiiicultly volatile liquid fuel to the storage chamberto maintain the operation of the engine.

. ln an internal combustion engine having a crank case for compressingconstituents of the explosive charges, a fuel storage chamber, and apiston having means for conducting compressed charges from the crankcase-through it to said chamber, of means for supplying air and aneasily volatile liquid fuel to the crank case to start operation of theengine, means for cutting off the supply of such liquid fuel Whilemaintaining supply of air to the crank case, and means for supplyinganother fuel to the storage chamber independently of the crank case tomaintain operation of the engine.

G. In an internal combustion engine having a crank case for compressingconstituents of the explosive charges and also having a chamber toreceive and store such constituents after compression in the crank case,of means for supplying constituents of explosive charges to the crankcase, means for conducting such compressed explosive charges from thecrank case through the respective piston to said chamber, and additionalmeans for supplying a constituent of explosive charges directly to saidchamber.

7. ln an internal combustion engine having a crank case for compressingconstituents of the explosive charges and also having a fuel chamberseparate from the conibustion chamber to receive such constituentsIafter compression in the crank case, of means. including a throttle, foradmitting constituents of explosive charges to the crank case, andindependent means for supplying a constituent of explosive chargesdirectly to said fuel chamber.

S. ln an internal combustion engine having a crank case for compressingconstituents of the explosive charges, means for cutting olf the supplyof fuel to the crank case, and a chamber to receive such charges aftercompression in the crank case and to introduce such charges into thecylinder, of a throttle for admitting and regulating a supply of air tothe crank case, and means for supplying fuel directly to said cham'- berto mix therein With air compressed in the crank case.

9. ln an internal combustion engine having a crank case for compressingconstituents of the explosive charges, means for cutting ollil thesupply of fuel to the crank case, and a chamber to receive such chargesafter compression in the crank case and to introduce such charges intothe cylinder. of a throttle for admitting and regulating a supply of airto the crank case, and means controlled by the pressure in said chamberas determined by the degree of opening of said throttle for supplyingfuel directlv to said chamber to mix therein with air compressed in thecrank case.

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10. In an internal combustion engine having a crank case for compressingconstituents of the explosive charges, means for controlling the supplyof fuel to the cranh case, and a chamber heated by the heat ofcombustion and arranged to receive such charges after compression in thecrank case and to introduce such charges into the cylinder, of athrottle for admitting` and regulating a supply of air to the cranlrcase, and means for supplying fuel directly to said chamber to mixtherein with air compressed Vin the crank case.

11. In an internal combustion engine, the combination with a fuelchamber having` means for introducing constituents of explosive chargestherein, and a piston having a passage therethrough forheating suchconstituents by the heat of combustion, of

a piston having a passage therethrough for heating and supplyingconstituents of explosive charges to said chamber.l and means foradmitting explosive charges from said chamber into the combustionchamber of the engine, of means adapted to contain a supply of liquidfuel subject tothe heat of said chamber and to supply such fuel to thechamber ito mix therein with the constituents of the explosive charges.

13. In' an internal combustion engine having a fuel chamber providedWith a passage for the iloiv of constituents of explosive charges, apiston having a passage therethrough for heating and supplyingconstituents of explosive charges heated by the heat lof combustion tosaid chamber, and meansv for admitting explosive charges from said fuelchamber into the combustion charnbcr, of means connectedA to saidpassage for supplying an atomized heated fuel to the constituentsflowing through said passage.

14. yIn an internal combustion engine, the combination of a fuel storagechamber having means for supplying heavy fuel oil thereto, means foratomizing and vaporizing heavy fuel oil in said chamber under pressureand high temperature and mixing the same in said chamber .vith air toform erplosive charges, 'and means comprising a conduit heated by theheat of combustion in the combustion chamber of the engine for admittingsuch explosive charges from said fuel chamber into the combustionchamber of the engine.

15. In an internal combustion engine having a fuel storage chamber,means for introducing compressed constituents of charges into saidchamber and for maintaining such constituents under pressure therein,said constituents being heated by the heat of combustion in thecombustion chamber of the engine priorto their introduction into saidchamber, and means for introducing fuel into said chamber to mix thereinunder pressure with said compressed constituents of charges.

16. In an internal combustion engine having a fuel storage chamber,means for introducing compressed constituents of charges preheated bythe heat of combustion inthe combustion chamber of the engine into saidchamber and for maintaining such charges inder pressure therein, andmeans subject to the heating influence of such constituents in saidchamber for introducing heated and atomizer fuel into said chamber.

1T. In an internal combustion engine having a fuel storage chamberprovided With a passage having therein a venturi through which theconstituents of the charges pass before entering the cylinder, means forsupplying compressed constituents of charges previously heated by theheat of combustion in the combustion chamber of the engine into saidchamber and for maintaining such charges under pressure therein, andmeans for subjecting a liquid fuel to the heating influence of theheated constituents in said passage and for introducing the fuel SOheated into said venturi.

18. In an internal combustion engine, the combination with a fuelstorage chamber having a passage through Which the constituents ofcharges floiv before entering the combustion chamber, of means includinga conduit through said combustion chamber for introducing air, heated bythe heat of combustion-in said combustion chamber, into said storagechamber and for maintaining a pressure in said storage chamber, and aliquid fuel chamber for subjecting liquid fuel therein to the heat ofthe fluid in said passage.

19. In an internal combustion engine, the

combination of a fuel chamber having a venturi for the flow therethroughof constituents of charges prior to the introduction thereof into thecombustion chamber, means for supplying heated compressed airalternately to the opposite ends of said fuel chamber to induce ato-aud-fro movement of the fuel in said venturi and for maintaining apressure in said fuel chamber, and means including' a nozzle located insaid venturi for introducing fuel into said chamber.

20. In an internal combustion engine having a fuel chamber, and meansfor compressing and introducing a constituent of charges into saidchamber, of means for introducing fuel into said chamber to mix thereinunder pressure with said compressed constituent of charges, and meansincluding a valve chamber' for regulating the amount of fuel admittedthereto.

2l. In an internal combustion engine having a. fuel chamber, and meansfor compressing and introducing a constituent of charges into saidchamber, of means for introducing fuel into said chamber to mit; thereinunder pressure With said compressed constituent of charges, and means,including a diaphragm, Ysubject to the pressure in said chamber forcontrolling the amount of fuel admitted thereto.

22. In an internal combustion engine having a fuel chamber, and meansfor compressing and introducing a constituent of charges into saidchamber, of means for introducing fuel into said chamber to mix thereinunder pressure with said compressed constituent of charges, meansincludino` a valve and a diaphragm controlled by tIie amount of pressurein said chamber for regulating the amount of fuel admitted thereto, andmeans for controlling the pressure in said chamber.

23. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a fuel chamber,means for supplying compressed air thereto and for maintaining such airunder pressure in said chamber, means for controlling the amount ofcompressed air supplied to said chamber, and means including a pressurecontrol valve for introducing fuel into said chamber in amountsdetermined automatically by the pressure in said chamber.

24C. In an internal combustion engine of the tivo-cycle type having afuel chamber for supplying` fuel to the cylinder, and a crank case forcompressing charges of air and introducing the same into said chamber,means for admitting and controlling at Will the supply of air to thecrank case for compression therein, and means, including a pressure-controlled valve, for introducing fuel into said chamber in amountsdetermined automatically by the pressure therein.

25. In an internal combustion engine of ythe tivo-cycle type embodying apair of cylinders, oppositely movable pistons therein and compressingcrank cases, a fuel chamber connecting the heads of the cylinders andadapted to receive compressed fluid from the crank cases, said chamberhaving a venturi formed therein at a point located intermediately of thecylinders and through which compressed fluid in said chamber flowsduring reciproeation of said pistons, and means for supplying fuel' tosaid venturi.

26. In an internal combustion engine of the tivo-cycle type embodying acylinder and a compressing crank case, the combination of a pistonreciprocable in the cylinder, a piston barrel carried by andreciprocable with the piston, said barrel comprising a relatively thinsleeve having a thin flange thereon and a rigid ring fitted internallyinto the piston from its under side and clamping the flange of thesleeve separably to the head of the piston.

27. In an internal combustion engine of the two-cycle type embodying acylinder and a compressing crank case, the combination of a pistonreciprocable in the cylinder and having an opening in the head thereof,a piston barrel carried by and reciprocable With the piston andcomprising a relatively thin metal sleeve formed with a thin attachingflange fitting the opening in the head of the piston, a rigid valve cagefitted internally into the piston head 4from its under side and clampingthe flange on said sleeve to the piston head, and a valve in the cagefor automatically controlling communication between the crank case andthe piston barrel.

28. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinderhaving ns thereon for air-cooling it exteriorly, a fuel storage chamber,means including a piston having a passage through its head for supplyingcompressed air to said chamber, and constituting means interiorly of thecylinder for transferring heat of combustion from the body of the pistonto constituents of charges prior to introduction of the same into thecylinder, and means for supplying' fuel to said chamber.

29. In an internal combustion engine of the two-cycle type, thecombination of compressing crank cases, a fuel storage chamber, meansfor transferring fluid compressed in the crank cases to said chamber tomaintain pressure therein, a crank shaft in the crank cases, and pairsof cylinders with pistons therein connected to the crank cases and shaftrespectively, the fuel storage chamber beineadapted to communicate withone cylinder of one pair and with another -cylinder' of another pair andthe axes of the cylinders of one pair being arranged at an angle ofbetween thirty degrees and sixty degrees with respect 'to the axes ofthe cylinders of the other pair.

30. In an internal combustion engine of the two-cycle type, thecombination of a base containing a pair of compressing crank cases, a.crank shaft having a pair of diametrically opposite cranks, a pair ofcylinc cate with the combustion chamber of one cylinder of one pair andwith another cylinder of the other pair.

3l. In. an internal combustion engine of the two-cycle type, thecombination of a base Containing a pair of compressing crank cases, acrank shaft having a pair of diametrically opposite cranks7 a pair ofcylinders arranged With their axes convergent and at the same side ofone crank case, the

i pistons in said cylinders being connected to the crank in said crankcase7 and another pair of cylinders arranged with their axes convergentand at the same side of the crank shaft, the pistons in the lattercylinders being connected to the crank which is positioned oppositely tothe crank to which the first-mentioned pistons are connected, a fuelstorage reservoir for supplying fuel to one cylinder of each pair ofcylinders, and

means for supplying compressed fluid to said reservoir from the crankcases.

32. A two-cycle internal combustion engine comprising a pair ofcompressing crank cases, a set of four cylinders connected in pairs tothe respective crank cases, a fuel storage chamber' connecting acylinder of one pair to another cylinder of the other pair, and meansfor transferring compressed fuel from the crank cases and heated by theheat of combustion in the combustion chamber of the engine to therespective fuel storage chambers to maintain pressure therein.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of twosubscribing Witnesses.

HARMON J. KLINE. Witnesses:

HOWARD H. CAMPBELL, WALTER M. PRATT.

